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Topic last updated: 09 Nov 2023

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    • Biology Biology
    • Ico Science Science
    • 14-16
    • 60

Cell biology, plants and photosynthesis

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Plant cell structure

Cells are building blocks, and there are different parts in different types of cells. Each of these parts, or organelles, has a particular function within the cell, just as each type of cell has a different function in the body.  

plant cell
Organelle Present in animal cells? Present in plant cells? Function
Cell membrane
 Yes Yes The barrier of the cell, regulates what can get in and out of the cell.
Cell wall No Yes Gives the cell support and protection.
Cytoplasm Yes Yes The inside of the cell, where most cellular reactions occur.
Mitochondria
 Yes Yes The ‘powerhouse of the cell’, where energy for the cell is generated.
Nucleus Yes Yes Contains the cell’s genetic blueprint (its DNA).
Chloroplast No Yes The location of photosynthesis.
Vacuole No Yes Keeps the cell rigid.

 

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Diffusion, osmosis and active transport:

Both animal and plant cells rely on the ability to let certain molecules enter and leave the cell, such as oxygen. They do this through certain processes, such as diffusion. The animation below explains diffusion, osmosis and active transport, which are fundamental to the cell’s survival. 

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Photosynthesis
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